Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.57
1.40
1.33
1.33
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
0.5
-0.2
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
45.2
45.2
45.2
45.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
36.2
33.0
31.4
31.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
20.2
17.5
22.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
2.5
0.8
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
5.82
19.42
34.95
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
4,170
14,580
26,260
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
11.28
12.67
27.23
58.48
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
7,190
9,070
20,450
43,940
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.2
7.2
8.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
70
75
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.4
1.7
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
54
26
20
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
64
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
18
11
5
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
74
93
95
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
97
101
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
92.9
104.3
99.6
98.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
105
95
111
113
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
22.1
22.4
23.4
24.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
20.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
20.7
11.0
14.5
7.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
-0.2
0.2
-0.4
0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
6,233
3,375
4,223
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,756
4,540
6,506
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.01
5.69
19.52
37.20
GDP growth (annual %)
-8.0
10.1
2.4
7.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
132.6
3.7
1.8
5.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
4
3
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
25
24
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
64
62
75
80
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
68
65
69
81
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
26
28
22
30
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
1.6
33.6
35.9
35.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.2
0.2
0.0
-2.1
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
72
7
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
1.1
19.7
19.8
21.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.8
1.4
1.7
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
39.9
124.1
149.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
28.6
74.1
91.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
16
21
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
42
156
122
121
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
107
104
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-3
-3
-4
7
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
4
357
590
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
82
416
2,592
7,555
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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