Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
38.87
40.57
46.58
47.42
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
506.0
505.0
505.6
506.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
77.8
81.3
93.2
94.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
20.1
20.6
20.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
474.41
639.93
1,487.34
1,427.58
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
12,210
15,770
31,930
30,110
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
525.57
869.48
1,453.92
2,093.20
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
13,520
21,430
31,220
44,150
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.8
7.0
6.3
6.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
82
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
12
9
11
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
72
70
62
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
..
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
5
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
99
94
95
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
104
..
99
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
109.5
104.2
101.2
102.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
102
113
123
119
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
139.0
170.9
185.5
185.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.1
17.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
34.7
32.5
31.5
26.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,318
2,991
2,735
2,422
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,537
5,168
5,707
5,240
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
536.18
598.10
1,427.99
1,461.24
GDP growth (annual %)
3.8
5.2
0.1
6.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.3
3.4
0.3
2.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
4
2
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
28
23
20
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
16
29
26
34
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
32
27
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
27
22
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
28.0
..
26.4
30.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.6
..
-4.6
-6.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
15.7
..
12.4
14.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.3
1.7
1.4
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
59.6
110.3
119.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
13.6
65.8
93.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
7
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
27
45
41
55
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
109
102
98
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-31
176
69
144
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,186
649
1,596
3,950
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
13,984
40,510
36,609
64,627
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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