Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.03
2.25
2.95
3.35
Population growth (annual %)
2.3
1.5
2.0
1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
117.6
117.6
121.7
121.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
18.4
22.2
24.3
27.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
0.70
1.63
..
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
310
550
..
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1.84
3.50
4.65
..
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,020
1,560
1,580
..
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
50
56
64
67
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.3
5.4
4.6
3.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
98
86
76
66
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
8
9
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
28
34
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
153
86
55
38
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
36.9
34.3
39.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
34
76
95
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
58
58
57
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
33.7
90.4
69.2
83.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
23
41
49
41
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.9
1.5
0.9
0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.4
11.2
10.9
10.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
0.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
14.8
20.8
20.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.9
4.8
3.7
3.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
488
315
252
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
68
77
92
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.48
0.71
1.59
..
GDP growth (annual %)
13.5
-3.1
2.2
..
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-1.4
25.0
-16.2
..
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
13
14
..
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
11
19
22
..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
10
6
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
45
58
31
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
8
22
12
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
84
84
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
21.3
32.7
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
5.9
49.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
0.6
25.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
77
72
42
31
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
93
95
105
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
330
1,037
762
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
4.3
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-12
-33
-13
-15
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
3
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
0
..
..
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
4.5
178.0
162.3
44.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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