Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
58.40
73.08
89.20
110.96
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
2.2
1.9
1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,001.5
1,001.5
1,001.5
1,001.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
58.7
73.4
89.6
111.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
33.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
7.1
0.0
1.5
1.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
42.42
97.43
196.29
384.94
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
730
1,330
2,200
3,470
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
202.89
400.28
772.58
1,678.13
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,470
5,480
8,660
15,120
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.7
9.2
9.4
9.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
63
67
69
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
3.5
3.3
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
79
56
57
42
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
48
56
60
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
37
61
79
97
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
86
47
29
19
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
10.5
9.4
6.8
3.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
86
98
96
96
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
70
87
87
92
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
85.9
89.1
90.9
97.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
69
78
65
82
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.5
11.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
5,392.5
5,703.0
7,380.0
7,750.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
2.3
1.8
1.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
576
570
838
858
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
652
920
1,612
1,459
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
42.98
99.84
218.98
424.67
GDP growth (annual %)
5.7
6.4
5.1
3.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
17.7
3.9
10.1
4.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
19
16
13
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
31
36
31
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
16
21
11
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
23
27
19
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
29
20
20
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.0
24.3
24.8
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.0
-6.7
-7.7
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.2
13.4
14.1
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.5
2.6
2.0
1.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.9
79.2
84.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.6
21.6
72.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
3
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
27
20
36
27
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
76
75
101
103
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
33,016
29,233
36,804
145,998
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
28.6
9.8
6.2
31.1
Net migration (thousands)
407
28
-194
6
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
4,284
2,852
12,453
31,487
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
734
1,235
6,386
5,122
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
6,065.2
1,370.8
556.5
8,092.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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