Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.47
12.69
15.08
17.68
Population growth (annual %)
2.2
1.7
1.7
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
283.6
256.4
256.4
256.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
37.8
51.1
60.7
71.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
32.8
27.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
21.6
34.1
7.8
5.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
14.03
19.07
64.71
107.79
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,340
1,500
4,290
6,100
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
44.48
66.91
133.18
234.98
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,250
5,270
8,830
13,290
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.3
3.1
4.1
4.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
72
75
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.7
3.1
2.6
1.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
92
90
92
59
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
53
66
80
78
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
61
71
87
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
54
30
19
13
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
10.4
6.4
4.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
60
99
95
65
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
92
94
102
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
117.8
107.4
109.2
98.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
56
56
92
95
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
146.3
137.3
130.3
124.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
15.4
15.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
2.1
2.2
2.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.6
2.6
2.0
1.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
604
639
867
886
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
470
638
1,101
1,550
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
15.24
17.54
68.15
107.18
GDP growth (annual %)
3.7
1.1
4.0
9.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.8
-11.7
9.0
2.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
21
12
8
8
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
35
34
27
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
38
32
27
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
22
28
33
26
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
20
17
23
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
30.6
29.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-7.5
-2.9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
18.0
23.5
56.2
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
14.1
12.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.9
1.5
3.0
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
3.8
98.0
95.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.5
29.0
69.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
9
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
49
56
49
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
101
88
124
107
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
12,163
17,183
15,389
58,116
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
33.2
51.0
8.9
22.5
Net migration (thousands)
-21
-41
-8
-29
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
51
1,322
2,599
4,367
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
126
-23
166
649
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
144.7
155.2
168.5
300.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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