Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
25.38
30.90
36.19
44.76
Population growth (annual %)
2.5
1.4
1.9
1.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,381.7
2,381.7
2,381.7
2,381.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
10.7
13.0
15.2
18.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
12.2
..
5.5
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
12.3
..
0.0
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
60.96
49.49
176.33
184.23
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,400
1,600
4,870
4,120
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
186.41
270.97
513.69
636.20
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
7,350
8,770
14,190
14,210
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.8
..
9.4
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
71
74
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
2.6
2.9
2.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
24
9
9
9
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
51
64
57
54
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
77
92
97
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
52
42
28
23
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
9.2
5.4
3.0
2.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
83
80
95
79
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
83
82
99
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
96.0
109.7
113.8
104.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
61
65
101
105
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
16.7
15.8
19.2
19.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.1
4.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
39.4
50.1
66.3
88.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.0
2.7
3.0
2.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
874
874
1,151
1,451
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
540
686
1,011
1,681
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
62.05
54.79
177.79
186.23
GDP growth (annual %)
0.8
3.8
4.8
3.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
30.3
22.7
15.6
15.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
8
8
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
53
45
36
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
42
35
23
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
21
29
23
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
29
24
43
39
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.5
3.4
3.5
5.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.3
90.6
105.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.5
12.5
72.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
37
57
55
41
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
39
53
120
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
28,154
25,462
7,253
7,379
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
65.1
..
1.0
0.5
Net migration (thousands)
2
-16
-11
-11
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
352
790
197
1,792
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
280
2,300
869
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
331.6
200.0
201.2
216.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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