Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.15
8.58
9.82
11.12
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
48.7
48.7
48.7
146.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
148.0
177.7
203.3
230.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
23.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
17.4
6.7
3.9
0.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
6.23
22.73
51.64
90.00
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
870
2,650
5,260
8,090
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
25.25
54.80
106.69
231.56
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,530
6,380
10,860
20,820
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.2
3.7
4.6
6.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
67
69
72
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.4
2.9
2.5
2.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
118
112
95
56
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
56
65
73
63
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
92
98
98
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
59
40
35
33
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.4
3.3
4.0
3.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
70
85
85
88
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
78
93
88
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.4
115.3
110.5
96.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
59
78
76
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
15.9
19.7
20.7
21.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
19.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
20.7
30.4
30.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.6
3.0
2.9
1.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
561
841
767
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
390
1,310
1,377
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
7.07
24.31
53.86
94.24
GDP growth (annual %)
-5.5
4.7
8.3
12.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
50.5
7.2
5.4
7.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
13
7
6
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
32
28
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
35
23
22
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
39
44
33
31
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
23
28
26
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.0
13.8
13.8
16.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.6
0.8
-2.8
-3.0
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
79
15
17
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
39.6
51.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
10.3
12.2
12.2
14.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
8.3
91.0
87.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.7
31.4
85.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
8
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
73
63
41
39
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
90
94
96
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
4,485
4,618
13,499
43,885
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
12.5
8.5
11.2
16.7
Net migration (thousands)
-27
-33
-37
-18
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
315
1,839
3,887
10,743
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
133
989
1,820
3,350
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
90.9
61.3
193.8
448.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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