Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.14
5.34
5.55
5.86
Population growth (annual %)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
42.9
42.9
42.9
42.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
128.5
133.5
138.7
146.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
12.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
125.34
173.86
340.04
411.79
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
24,380
32,560
61,290
70,310
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
90.45
149.45
242.69
428.24
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,590
27,990
43,750
73,120
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.9
10.6
9.3
9.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
77
79
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
9
8
5
1
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
77
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
99
99
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
6
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
84
99
85
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
100
100
99
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.9
99.7
100.2
100.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
110
127
119
132
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
5.3
5.7
5.9
6.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
17.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
21.6
12.7
13.5
16.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,377
3,490
3,511
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,945
6,482
6,328
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
138.22
164.04
322.35
408.38
GDP growth (annual %)
1.7
3.7
1.6
7.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.5
3.0
3.2
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
2
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
23
24
19
20
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
45
51
59
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
38
44
53
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
22
18
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
36.7
38.5
39.8
41.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.4
2.0
-2.6
3.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
8
6
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
29.7
31.6
32.7
35.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
2.9
63.0
115.7
125.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
39.2
88.7
98.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
15
14
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
51
59
56
60
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
99
100
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
9
10
18
27
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
464
667
925
1,413
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,132
36,013
-11,768
16,997
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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