Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.58
0.75
0.93
1.12
Population growth (annual %)
10.2
3.1
2.0
1.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
25.0
32.2
40.1
48.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
32.3
26.4
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
..
..
3.35
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
..
..
2,990
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
3.65
6.56
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
3,710
5,850
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.0
4.3
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
55
57
61
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.9
4.6
3.4
2.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
47
33
23
20
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
9
19
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
61
87
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
116
100
76
54
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
20.2
..
24.2
17.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
50
85
50
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.9
3.6
2.5
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.1
1.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.9
6.3
6.3
6.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
10.3
2.5
2.0
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
224
..
164
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.45
0.55
1.13
3.39
GDP growth (annual %)
..
..
..
4.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
..
..
..
3.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
1
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
11
15
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
156
143
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
191
121
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
57
-16
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
6.7
5.1
2.6
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
17.8
43.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
6.5
61.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
3
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
53
43
41
230
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
92
102
98
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
155
298
769
3,207
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.7
6.9
7.9
1.2
Net migration (thousands)
50
6
2
1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
13
12
33
79
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
3
37
167
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
207.0
72.2
124.0
178.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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