Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
79.43
82.21
81.78
83.20
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.1
-0.2
0.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
357.0
357.0
357.1
357.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
227.5
235.6
234.6
238.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
14.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1,691.98
2,148.41
3,651.33
4,337.83
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
21,300
26,130
44,650
52,140
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,561.70
2,223.78
3,248.76
5,311.20
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
19,660
27,050
39,730
63,840
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.9
8.9
8.6
7.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
78
80
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
21
13
10
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
70
..
80
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
99
97
96
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
5
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
75
92
97
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
101
99
101
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.4
105.4
104.3
101.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
99
99
105
101
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
113.0
113.5
114.1
114.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
38.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
43.2
42.0
30.8
24.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,421
4,094
3,997
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
6,640
6,635
7,264
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1,778.16
1,966.98
3,468.15
4,348.30
GDP growth (annual %)
5.3
2.9
4.1
3.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.4
-0.3
0.7
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
1
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
33
27
26
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
30
39
43
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
30
34
37
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
25
24
20
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
24.3
29.6
27.4
28.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.5
-1.1
-3.2
-3.9
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
45
15
8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
9.8
11.6
11.0
11.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.3
59.1
108.7
127.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
30.2
82.0
91.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
17
15
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
44
53
67
70
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
100
96
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
680
175
130
310
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
4,876
3,604
14,234
20,270
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,557
248,007
86,038
102,149
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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