Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.33
10.26
10.47
10.51
Population growth (annual %)
-0.3
-0.3
0.3
-1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
78.9
78.9
78.9
78.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
133.7
132.7
135.6
136.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
9.8
10.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
34.66
65.01
201.96
256.35
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
3,360
6,340
19,280
24,400
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
130.57
163.28
270.14
487.91
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
12,640
15,920
25,790
46,440
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
11.9
9.6
9.4
9.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
75
77
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
41
14
12
8
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
69
72
86
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
12
6
3
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
0.9
2.1
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
98
97
98
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
96
102
102
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.1
103.4
101.0
101.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
91
89
99
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
22.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
23.1
16.3
14.8
10.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
-0.3
-0.5
0.2
-1.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,797
3,988
4,238
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,600
5,704
6,348
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
41.02
62.18
211.17
290.97
GDP growth (annual %)
-11.6
4.0
2.7
4.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
36.2
1.8
-0.5
4.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
35
33
33
29
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
48
65
71
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
30
50
62
67
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
32
27
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
32.1
30.5
30.2
30.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.1
-3.0
-3.7
-5.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
57
32
25
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.6
14.4
13.5
12.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.3
1.9
1.2
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
42.5
123.6
126.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
9.8
68.8
82.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
18
20
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
71
98
123
151
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
97
101
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-4
4
35
4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
138
294
1,229
4,387
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
654
4,987
10,168
12,891
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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