Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.79
0.95
1.13
1.32
Population growth (annual %)
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
85.3
102.6
122.1
142.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
14.8
13.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.0
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
5.40
9.84
26.68
27.25
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
9,300
14,180
32,170
30,270
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
7.69
13.51
27.39
40.97
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
13,260
19,460
33,030
45,510
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
8.6
8.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
74
77
80
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
31
9
6
7
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
98
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
11
7
3
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
77
86
87
86
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
98
99
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
96.7
101.6
99.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
93
91
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
11.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
28.6
20.6
25.8
30.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,732
2,255
2,166
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,363
3,358
4,524
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5.59
9.99
25.80
30.37
GDP growth (annual %)
7.4
6.0
2.3
11.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.4
2.7
1.9
3.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
4
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
18
14
11
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
52
70
50
91
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
57
68
59
86
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
20
24
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
47.2
53.6
36.1
37.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-8.4
-3.6
-4.6
-1.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
8
6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
30.8
35.5
23.1
22.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.4
2.8
1.9
1.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
31.3
123.1
148.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
15.3
53.0
90.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
38
16
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
63
48
39
47
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
107
106
86
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
1
11
12
9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
79
45
862
627
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
127
855
31,032
7,724
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
38.4
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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