Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.63
11.11
11.29
11.26
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.3
0.1
-0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
109.9
109.9
109.9
109.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
98.9
103.4
106.1
108.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
28.12
29.13
58.35
100.93
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,650
2,620
5,170
8,920
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
..
..
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
..
..
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
74
76
78
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
78
48
56
49
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
70
73
74
69
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
14
9
6
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
3.4
..
2.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
94
94
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
95
98
95
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.0
104.0
100.7
100.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
92
82
92
100
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
20.6
24.4
29.3
32.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
6.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
13.7
15.8
18.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.6
0.6
0.2
-0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,638
1,147
1,093
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,209
1,140
1,296
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
28.65
30.57
59.56
107.35
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.9
5.9
2.4
1.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.3
1.7
1.2
401.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
13
7
4
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
17
26
23
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
30
14
23
35
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
41
17
18
45
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
25
13
10
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
3.3
2.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
8.9
63.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.5
15.9
67.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
11
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
34
21
28
8
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
59
116
102
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-15
-25
-28
-7
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
51.8
45.1
132.4
152.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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