Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.12
3.94
4.56
5.06
Population growth (annual %)
2.5
1.9
1.2
0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
61.1
77.1
89.2
99.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
24.8
26.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
10.4
6.9
1.5
1.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
5.45
14.15
33.22
63.89
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,740
3,590
7,290
12,630
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
14.98
29.61
57.01
114.30
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,800
7,520
12,510
22,590
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
78
79
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.2
2.4
1.9
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
91
83
63
28
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
75
80
82
71
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
97
95
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
13
11
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
2.5
..
0.9
2.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
82
83
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
75
89
99
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.7
109.8
113.4
108.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
43
61
100
141
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
29.1
28.6
28.7
30.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
4.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
2.1
3.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
3.5
2.9
1.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
537
730
1,020
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,071
1,516
1,897
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5.71
15.01
37.66
64.96
GDP growth (annual %)
3.6
3.9
5.4
7.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
18.5
9.4
6.6
2.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
16
9
6
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
25
23
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
34
43
33
36
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
41
44
35
35
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
21
20
19
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.1
22.2
22.9
25.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.5
-1.4
-4.2
-0.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
90
74
23
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
54.8
89.7
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.1
12.8
13.0
14.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
5.3
67.7
152.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
5.8
36.5
82.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
40
17
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
60
82
61
56
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
79
106
94
96
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,846
4,692
8,154
33,662
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
24.5
9.5
7.8
11.7
Net migration (thousands)
8
9
2
1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
12
136
531
594
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
163
723
1,907
3,593
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
222.5
25.5
101.1
79.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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