Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.38
0.45
0.51
0.52
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.5
0.7
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
93.2
112.5
126.5
128.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
56.8
45.4
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
19.6
10.6
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.30
0.60
1.84
2.00
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
810
1,330
3,600
3,870
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
0.39
1.38
2.95
3.92
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,050
3,050
5,800
7,580
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
4.2
5.0
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
65
69
73
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.4
3.5
2.5
1.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
123
101
74
39
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
24
53
..
56
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
89
99
97
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
59
34
25
13
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
79
86
97
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
51
101
95
88
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
106.3
116.9
107.2
96.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
19
62
83
86
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
0.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
7.2
25.4
57.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
8.2
3.3
2.0
1.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
77
..
208
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.31
0.54
1.82
2.05
GDP growth (annual %)
0.7
14.3
1.8
7.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.3
-7.9
0.7
1.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
14
13
6
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
22
15
13
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
27
30
24
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
69
61
55
54
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
45
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
18.3
21.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-7.4
-9.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
18
9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
16.8
18.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.0
1.2
0.5
0.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
4.3
71.3
100.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.8
30.0
71.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
46
45
43
43
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
97
97
101
96
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
134
320
885
2,456
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
9.1
11.1
5.4
12.3
Net migration (thousands)
-2
-3
-5
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
59
90
131
315
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
34
116
91
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
105.3
94.7
327.0
145.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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