Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.44
0.54
0.65
0.82
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
1.9
2.0
2.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
238.9
288.1
351.9
439.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
42.4
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.40
0.39
0.95
1.30
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
910
730
1,450
1,590
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
0.65
0.98
1.55
2.83
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,470
1,820
2,370
3,460
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
56
59
61
63
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
5.3
4.8
4.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
105
92
74
57
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
26
19
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
62
82
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
126
96
73
50
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
15.2
25.1
16.9
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
70
72
68
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
42
47
68
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
90.2
97.9
108.4
85.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
23
32
59
55
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
0.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
0.8
0.8
0.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
1.8
2.2
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
40
..
66
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.43
0.35
0.91
1.30
GDP growth (annual %)
5.1
10.8
3.8
2.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.2
-4.5
1.7
0.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
29
29
30
36
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
12
12
12
9
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
9
9
10
11
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
27
27
30
31
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
18
18
18
14
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
22
16
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
12.0
8.2
9.2
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
25.2
103.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.3
5.1
27.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
16
16
28
28
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
63
73
57
60
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
185
232
278
372
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
2.9
4.8
4.7
2.5
Net migration (thousands)
-2
-3
-4
-2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
10
32
87
288
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
1
8
4
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
44.9
19.3
69.9
153.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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