Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
32.44
39.09
44.78
51.19
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.6
1.1
1.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,141.8
1,141.8
1,141.8
1,140.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
29.2
35.2
40.4
46.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
41.0
39.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
19.3
23.9
13.3
11.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
43.89
92.62
254.73
322.87
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,350
2,370
5,690
6,310
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
159.11
259.15
468.56
881.77
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,900
6,630
10,460
17,230
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.6
2.1
3.3
3.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
71
75
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.0
2.6
2.0
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
93
94
81
62
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
66
77
79
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
81
86
95
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
36
25
18
13
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.8
4.9
3.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
82
88
88
86
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
100
120
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
124.3
124.4
106.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
76
100
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
649.6
627.4
608.1
589.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
18.1
17.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
0.4
0.8
1.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.7
2.3
1.3
1.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
759
675
708
880
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
889
857
1,132
1,514
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
47.84
99.88
286.50
318.52
GDP growth (annual %)
4.3
2.9
4.5
10.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
52.3
33.7
3.8
7.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
17
8
6
8
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
27
31
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
16
16
16
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
16
17
18
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
15
22
19
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
15.5
21.6
24.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-3.1
-4.6
-7.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
38.5
66.1
84.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
11.2
12.1
14.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.9
3.0
3.6
3.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
5.8
99.3
146.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.2
36.5
73.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
5
8
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
26
25
28
32
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
73
90
145
126
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
17,411
34,329
64,432
172,249
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
43.1
30.6
20.1
44.6
Net migration (thousands)
-8
-28
-34
199
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
495
1,610
4,031
8,608
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
500
2,436
6,430
9,561
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
101.1
202.4
663.6
1,918.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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