Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.38
3.15
4.46
5.89
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
3.8
4.1
2.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
342.0
342.0
342.0
342.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
7.0
9.2
13.1
17.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
40.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
35.4
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.18
1.77
11.77
12.00
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
920
560
2,640
2,040
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
6.91
8.45
21.26
32.80
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,900
2,680
4,760
5,570
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
4.2
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
56
54
62
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.2
4.8
4.8
4.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
126
123
134
113
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
45
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
93
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
91
113
62
43
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
16.4
..
11.8
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
75
34
75
68
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
60
54
68
72
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
126.4
83.1
108.8
89.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
47
37
51
66
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
4.3
4.2
3.5
4.0
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
223.2
222.0
220.8
219.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
33.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.6
4.6
4.9
3.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
331
225
376
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
172
95
134
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.80
3.23
13.15
14.83
GDP growth (annual %)
1.0
7.6
9.9
1.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-1.0
47.0
29.4
23.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
13
5
4
9
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
41
72
66
43
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
52
80
69
53
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
44
56
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
16
23
47
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
30.6
34.6
20.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.8
36.4
1.3
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
38
159
50
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
9.1
6.9
6.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.8
1.8
1.7
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.2
83.8
96.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
5.0
33.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
7
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
57
92
86
67
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
36
57
100
126
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
4,916
4,676
2,796
8,254
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
34.6
1.7
1.3
5.0
Net migration (thousands)
0
80
12
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
4
10
33
44
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
23
-98
1,522
-320
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
217.2
32.2
1,315.1
204.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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