Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
36.68
50.51
68.56
99.15
Population growth (annual %)
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,344.9
2,344.9
2,344.9
2,344.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
16.2
22.3
30.2
43.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
56.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
78.9
85.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
8.37
6.35
22.27
52.54
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
230
130
320
530
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
30.03
22.09
43.18
134.36
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
820
440
630
1,360
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
5.6
5.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
49
52
56
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
122
126
121
109
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
8
31
18
28
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
61
74
85
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
180
185
101
93
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
30.3
24.2
25.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
38
26
66
55
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
51
33
58
81
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
59.3
50.3
92.1
120.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
22
..
37
55
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.9
2.1
1.3
0.8
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,506.3
1,439.0
1,371.7
1,250.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
12.8
13.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
0.1
0.1
0.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.6
4.7
4.2
4.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
322
275
290
394
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
123
90
99
134
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
9.35
19.09
24.16
59.07
GDP growth (annual %)
-6.6
-6.9
8.6
6.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
109.0
2,630.1
33.7
27.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
32
29
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
22
29
42
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
11
37
38
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
16
44
38
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
0
14
24
33
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
10.0
0.8
12.7
9.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-5.7
-0.9
2.1
-0.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
9.3
0.8
7.5
7.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.2
0.2
0.8
0.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
17.2
47.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.7
16.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
43
8
41
48
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
107
150
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
10,251
11,804
5,682
10,484
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
3.1
1.4
Net migration (thousands)
219
79
9
-65
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
16
1,348
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-14
94
2,742
1,678
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
895.8
178.4
3,179.3
3,611.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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