Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
11.33
14.91
19.67
26.92
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
475.4
475.4
475.4
475.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
24.0
31.5
41.6
56.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
40.2
39.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
25.7
31.4
23.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
11.38
10.88
28.54
43.31
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,000
730
1,450
1,610
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
22.15
29.67
56.76
126.93
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,950
1,990
2,890
4,720
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.2
5.8
5.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
55
53
57
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.4
5.5
5.2
4.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
159
140
128
110
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
16
25
23
19
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
64
56
56
69
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
137
145
111
72
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
12.9
18.0
15.2
11.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
56
49
79
65
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
57
50
73
69
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.9
86.6
109.5
108.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
26
28
44
45
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.8
4.8
4.3
2.8
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
225.0
216.0
209.0
202.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
11.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
4.0
4.0
3.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
440
423
354
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
207
182
270
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
12.31
10.57
27.51
45.01
GDP growth (annual %)
-6.1
3.8
2.9
3.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
1.6
1.5
0.7
2.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
24
18
17
17
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
28
26
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
25
22
17
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
23
25
20
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
18
17
18
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
14.3
12.2
15.9
13.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-5.6
0.1
-1.5
-2.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
45
21
14
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
9.8
9.7
11.3
11.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.7
43.4
80.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.3
4.3
42.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
28
31
33
25
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
60
74
110
133
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
6,563
10,561
3,190
15,377
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
20.5
20.7
3.6
25.6
Net migration (thousands)
-8
-21
-9
-10
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
23
22
115
430
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-113
160
536
964
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
444.4
377.2
540.2
1,141.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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