Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
12.19
17.70
22.49
29.64
Population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
322.5
322.5
322.5
322.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
38.3
55.7
70.7
93.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
37.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
39.6
44.7
47.9
20.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
9.25
10.72
25.19
68.30
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
760
610
1,120
2,300
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
29.59
31.60
51.91
173.67
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,430
1,790
2,310
5,860
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.0
6.1
5.1
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
53
51
55
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.7
5.8
5.3
4.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
160
139
129
95
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
15
18
21
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
63
59
84
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
153
141
102
71
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
18.2
15.5
13.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
56
68
64
65
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
40
43
52
74
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
66.5
70.5
77.1
92.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
20
23
..
57
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
4.9
6.6
3.5
1.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
78.5
50.9
39.7
27.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
14.9
14.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.9
3.7
3.1
3.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
357
384
370
468
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
157
162
196
308
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
10.80
16.58
34.94
72.79
GDP growth (annual %)
-1.1
-0.3
6.8
7.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-4.5
1.6
1.5
3.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
32
16
17
16
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
14
16
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
32
28
33
22
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
27
27
34
23
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
7
16
22
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
9.9
11.3
12.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-1.6
-0.5
-5.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.0
9.5
10.2
12.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.8
73.9
162.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
2.7
36.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
4
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
48
38
55
40
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
83
58
96
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
17,251
12,060
11,703
29,768
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
35.4
26.8
5.9
10.3
Net migration (thousands)
80
-64
-183
1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
44
119
374
440
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
48
235
358
1,392
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
686.4
350.9
845.3
1,576.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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