Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1,135.19
1,262.65
1,337.71
1,412.36
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
9,563.0
9,562.9
9,562.9
9,562.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
120.9
134.5
142.5
150.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
49.8
17.2
0.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
72.0
46.1
13.4
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
374.17
1,181.52
5,801.88
16,883.57
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
330
940
4,340
11,950
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,117.17
3,639.30
12,328.90
28,620.86
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
980
2,880
9,220
20,260
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.3
6.5
5.1
7.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
72
76
78
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.5
1.6
1.7
1.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
23
6
12
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
87
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
94
97
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
54
37
16
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
12.6
7.4
3.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
98
84
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
106
93
105
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
119.8
115.9
105.0
99.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
39
59
92
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,571.4
1,770.0
2,006.1
2,218.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
14.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
17.8
19.6
20.9
20.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.3
3.6
3.3
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
767
899
1,955
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
511
993
2,944
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
360.86
1,211.33
6,087.19
17,820.46
GDP growth (annual %)
3.9
8.5
10.6
8.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.7
2.1
6.9
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
15
9
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
41
46
46
39
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
14
21
27
20
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
19
24
17
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
34
34
47
43
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
11.2
14.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
34
9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
10.2
8.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
6.7
63.7
121.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.8
34.3
73.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
32
30
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
39
49
34
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
108
106
87
90
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
55,301
145,907
742,737
2,724,354
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
11.7
13.1
2.9
8.7
Net migration (thousands)
-11
-63
-184
-380
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
196
758
13,636
22,480
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
3,487
42,095
243,703
344,075
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
2,030.6
1,749.0
671.9
-564.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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