Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1,135.19
1,262.65
1,337.71
1,412.36
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
9,563.0
9,562.9
9,562.9
9,562.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
120.9
134.5
142.5
150.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
49.8
17.2
0.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
83.0
58.4
20.6
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
374.89
1,193.32
5,898.42
17,253.95
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
330
950
4,410
12,220
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,127.71
3,697.05
12,536.32
29,237.45
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
990
2,930
9,370
20,700
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.3
6.5
5.1
7.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
72
76
78
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.5
1.6
1.7
1.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
23
6
12
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
87
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
94
97
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
54
37
16
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
12.6
7.4
3.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
98
84
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
106
93
103
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
120.9
115.7
104.2
99.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
39
59
91
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,571.4
1,770.0
2,006.1
2,218.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
15.8
14.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
17.8
19.6
20.9
20.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.4
5.4
2.3
2.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
773
898
1,900
2,624
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
511
993
2,944
5,848
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
361.56
1,223.75
6,192.56
18,201.70
GDP growth (annual %)
3.9
8.6
10.6
8.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.7
2.1
6.9
4.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
15
9
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
41
45
46
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
14
21
27
20
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
18
23
17
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
34
34
46
43
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
6.7
63.6
121.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.8
34.3
73.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
32
30
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
39
48
33
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
108
106
87
89
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
55,301
145,907
742,737
2,724,354
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
11.7
13.1
2.9
8.7
Net migration (thousands)
-11
-63
-184
-380
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
196
758
13,636
22,480
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
3,487
42,095
243,703
344,075
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
2,030.6
1,749.0
957.7
-561.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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