Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
13.44
15.50
17.18
19.46
Population growth (annual %)
1.7
1.2
1.0
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
756.1
756.1
756.1
756.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
18.1
20.9
23.1
26.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
36.0
22.2
6.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
10.7
5.8
0.9
0.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
31.19
77.96
184.27
287.80
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,320
5,030
10,720
14,790
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
56.06
140.27
287.92
534.29
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,170
9,050
16,760
27,460
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.4
3.8
5.2
5.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
74
77
79
79
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.6
2.0
1.8
1.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
70
61
53
8
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
19
11
9
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
0.7
0.5
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
97
97
93
92
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
95
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.1
101.4
103.2
99.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
74
87
91
107
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
152.5
158.2
167.3
183.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
6.8
37.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.3
3.3
4.0
4.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.8
1.5
1.1
0.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,043
1,623
1,796
2,033
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,223
2,473
3,284
4,307
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
33.14
78.34
217.05
315.52
GDP growth (annual %)
3.3
5.0
5.9
11.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
22.5
4.6
8.9
6.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
5
3
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
39
28
33
31
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
32
30
38
32
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
29
32
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
26
24
25
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
18.8
20.8
21.6
24.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.3
-0.6
-0.4
-7.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
83.1
105.0
127.2
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.3
16.1
17.5
19.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.4
2.7
2.3
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
22.2
116.7
136.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
16.6
45.0
90.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
6
12
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
49
48
60
59
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
61
54
115
136
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-1
7
26
65
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
0
13
62
66
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
661
4,860
14,849
15,177
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
109.1
50.5
181.9
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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