Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
6.72
7.18
7.82
8.70
Population growth (annual %)
1.0
0.6
1.0
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
169.9
181.8
198.0
220.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
15.0
15.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
254.86
320.28
618.49
790.42
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
37,950
44,580
79,040
90,810
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
194.65
280.32
448.06
699.04
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
28,990
39,020
57,260
80,310
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.6
7.9
7.8
7.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
80
82
84
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
8
6
4
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
73
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
8
6
5
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
82
92
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
51
97
97
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
87.5
104.2
103.4
101.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
99
95
97
104
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.5
12.0
12.3
12.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
12.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
6.6
6.3
5.2
4.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,628
3,481
3,348
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
7,445
7,846
8,174
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
265.76
279.22
598.85
813.41
GDP growth (annual %)
3.7
4.0
3.2
5.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.6
1.4
0.3
1.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
2
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
25
25
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
41
51
65
71
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
41
46
55
59
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
35
27
26
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
8.8
11.1
10.7
11.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.1
-0.7
0.5
-0.9
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
20
18
10
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
8.0
10.0
9.4
10.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.6
1.0
0.7
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.9
64.6
123.3
123.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.6
47.1
83.9
95.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
26
14
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
50
58
62
87
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
..
..
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
59
24
76
24
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
924
995
2,495
3,142
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
5,545
23,081
17,671
-117,206
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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