Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
27.69
30.69
34.01
38.24
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
0.9
1.1
0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
15,640.5
15,640.5
15,640.5
15,634.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
3.1
3.4
3.8
4.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
571.75
697.91
1,512.80
1,865.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
20,650
22,740
44,490
48,780
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
540.03
877.36
1,336.63
2,114.75
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
19,500
28,590
39,310
55,300
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.4
7.2
7.3
7.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
81
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
25
17
14
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
80
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
99
99
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
8
6
6
5
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
89
96
90
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
98
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.0
99.4
99.1
96.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
100
102
102
109
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3,482.7
3,478.0
3,473.2
3,468.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
10.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.5
1.4
1.3
0.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
7,630
8,265
7,788
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
16,167
17,037
15,269
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
596.08
744.77
1,617.34
2,007.47
GDP growth (annual %)
0.2
5.1
3.1
5.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.4
4.4
2.8
7.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
2
1
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
30
26
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
44
29
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
39
31
31
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
21
23
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
19.7
20.9
16.9
19.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-4.5
2.2
-2.2
-3.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
4
6
2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
100.2
110.7
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
14.1
14.9
11.7
13.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
2.1
28.4
76.0
88.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.4
51.3
80.3
93.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
16
15
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
42
70
49
51
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
97
112
111
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
181
202
225
199
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
555
1,199
832
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
8,402
68,303
29,715
59,125
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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