Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.87
3.83
4.49
5.11
Population growth (annual %)
3.1
2.7
-0.8
1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
623.0
623.0
623.0
623.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
4.6
6.2
7.2
8.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
68.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
82.2
..
61.9
65.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.35
0.94
2.22
2.61
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
470
240
500
510
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1.75
2.42
4.23
6.16
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
610
630
940
1,210
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.4
..
3.4
5.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
50
47
47
40
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
165
141
169
164
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
28
15
18
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
32
40
40
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
178
166
149
171
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
21.3
23.5
18.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
82
36
53
41
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
31
..
36
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
70.1
69.9
79.9
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
12
11
16
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
4.6
7.6
4.9
3.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
232.0
229.0
226.0
222.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
18.1
18.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.3
3.0
-0.3
2.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.44
0.92
2.14
2.52
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.1
-2.5
4.6
1.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
1.8
8.5
4.2
3.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
37
36
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
25
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
20
12
13
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
25
23
31
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
13
11
17
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
9.2
9.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-8.4
-4.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
8.4
8.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.6
1.1
2.4
2.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
21.0
33.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.0
7.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
23
8
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
19
30
21
23
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
308
130
110
93
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
699
869
634
1,120
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
13.2
..
..
5.0
Net migration (thousands)
2
8
-43
-86
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
0
..
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1
1
62
5
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
248.9
75.9
261.0
659.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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