Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.31
1.68
2.03
2.40
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
2.1
2.1
1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
581.7
581.7
581.7
581.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
2.3
3.0
3.6
4.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
30.6
19.3
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
34.1
29.1
17.7
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.51
5.22
10.92
18.07
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,680
3,110
5,370
7,530
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
7.58
14.43
24.39
43.22
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,800
8,600
12,000
18,000
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.1
2.3
2.8
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
61
51
60
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
3.3
3.0
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
104
74
57
55
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
33
44
70
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
77
99
99
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
49
78
59
40
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
11.1
11.8
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
91
96
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
91
88
97
91
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
106.1
103.4
104.6
93.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
41
75
75
70
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
6.1
25.3
22.3
17.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
188.0
176.2
164.4
151.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
29.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4.4
8.1
8.2
9.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
10.9
3.7
4.5
2.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
933
1,070
1,059
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
758
1,132
1,526
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.79
5.79
12.64
18.75
GDP growth (annual %)
6.8
2.0
10.1
11.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.3
14.2
7.7
8.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
5
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
57
46
37
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
55
52
42
42
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
50
40
52
47
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
37
30
35
27
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
50.8
..
36.7
32.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
19.1
..
-7.6
-0.1
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
125
59
48
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
41.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
27.5
..
23.9
22.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.4
3.2
2.8
3.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
12.9
113.0
160.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.9
6.0
75.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
98
82
82
84
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
108
110
95
86
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
553
452
1,807
1,997
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.3
2.0
1.4
2.0
Net migration (thousands)
3
10
5
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
86
19
22
61
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
96
57
218
-319
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
145.2
30.6
154.7
96.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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