Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.59
0.60
0.70
0.78
Population growth (annual %)
2.7
2.4
1.1
0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
47.0
40.1
38.4
38.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
12.6
15.0
18.4
20.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
31.7
12.0
12.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
23.1
3.6
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.30
0.42
1.53
2.56
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
500
710
2,180
3,300
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
0.91
1.86
4.82
9.85
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,540
3,110
6,870
12,700
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.5
6.7
8.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
56
62
69
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.6
3.4
2.3
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
96
58
32
10
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
31
66
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
27
65
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
128
79
40
25
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
34.0
13.9
12.7
8.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
78
95
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
19
53
92
91
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
46.4
77.9
112.0
105.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
31
63
93
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
25.1
26.1
27.1
27.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
28.8
49.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
0.4
0.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.6
5.0
2.8
2.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
95
..
360
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.29
0.46
1.71
2.77
GDP growth (annual %)
10.4
3.4
11.9
4.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.2
16.5
8.3
7.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
32
22
12
16
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
25
33
39
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
28
39
29
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
46
66
48
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
28
54
63
44
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
17.7
21.8
19.9
20.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-6.1
-2.3
1.8
-2.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
89.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
4.6
9.5
12.2
12.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
56.2
100.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.4
13.6
85.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
52
60
87
72
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
83
84
136
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
84
212
935
3,269
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
14.4
17.3
Net migration (thousands)
-1
4
-1
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
8
73
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2
1
75
7
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
41.5
47.1
87.4
128.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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