Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
149.14
174.02
193.70
209.55
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
1.4
0.8
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
8,515.8
8,515.8
8,515.8
8,515.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
17.8
20.8
23.2
25.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
24.0
13.0
5.3
5.8
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
389.69
687.48
1,887.91
1,689.21
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,610
3,950
9,750
8,060
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
970.94
1,536.57
2,712.85
3,669.60
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,510
8,830
14,010
17,510
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
2.3
2.5
3.3
3.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
66
70
74
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.9
2.2
1.8
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
88
86
65
46
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
80
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
70
99
99
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
63
35
19
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
5.6
..
2.2
3.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
78
99
99
73
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
93
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
142.5
148.7
104.8
103.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
94
107
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
5,889.0
5,510.9
5,115.8
4,953.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
18.9
29.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.9
2.2
1.2
0.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
942
1,081
1,381
1,427
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,459
1,906
2,399
2,724
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
464.99
655.45
2,208.84
1,670.65
GDP growth (annual %)
-4.4
4.4
7.5
4.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2,737.0
5.6
8.4
13.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
5
4
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
33
23
23
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
8
10
11
19
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
7
12
12
19
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
20
19
22
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
29.0
27.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-2.0
-4.1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
14.2
14.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.4
1.7
1.5
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
13.2
100.3
102.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.9
40.7
80.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
13
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
12
17
18
31
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
62
93
119
123
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
120,312
242,512
352,364
571,531
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
22.6
86.7
18.4
46.7
Net migration (thousands)
-31
-46
-262
-209
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
573
1,350
3,083
4,102
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
989
32,995
82,390
46,441
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
174.4
255.7
464.8
1,114.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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