Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.13
8.61
10.18
11.94
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,098.6
1,098.6
1,098.6
1,098.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
6.6
7.9
9.4
11.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
66.4
45.1
36.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
5.8
28.3
6.9
3.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.94
8.29
17.90
39.80
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
690
960
1,760
3,330
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
15.45
28.13
49.59
109.98
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,170
3,270
4,870
9,210
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.6
1.1
3.8
5.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
57
62
66
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.9
4.0
3.2
2.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
98
94
80
67
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
30
53
61
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
42
67
84
81
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
122
76
42
25
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
9.7
5.9
3.6
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
53
84
88
75
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
97
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.7
119.1
105.5
98.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
73
89
91
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
578.0
551.0
530.9
506.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
21.4
30.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.6
2.3
1.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
361
424
625
758
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
256
401
578
834
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.87
8.40
19.65
40.41
GDP growth (annual %)
4.6
2.5
4.1
6.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
16.3
5.2
8.8
4.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
15
13
10
13
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
32
26
30
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
18
41
28
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
27
34
31
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
13
18
17
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
13.7
17.8
23.3
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-1.7
-4.0
1.2
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
49.4
92.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
7.2
12.3
17.0
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.8
2.1
2.8
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
6.8
70.2
99.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.4
22.4
66.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
33
36
61
50
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
93
92
140
131
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
4,370
5,893
5,777
16,026
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
39.4
39.8
9.5
14.0
Net migration (thousands)
-22
-27
-13
-5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
5
127
960
1,417
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
27
736
622
584
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
485.0
426.1
560.3
506.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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