Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.19
9.98
9.48
9.30
Population growth (annual %)
0.2
-0.5
-0.2
-0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
207.6
207.6
207.6
207.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
50.3
49.2
46.7
45.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
41.9
5.2
4.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
3.1
26.5
0.2
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
17.19
13.77
58.32
65.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,680
1,380
6,150
7,040
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
53.19
57.60
142.52
247.43
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,220
5,770
15,030
26,600
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
11.1
7.9
8.8
10.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
69
70
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.9
1.3
1.5
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
42
26
23
11
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
63
53
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
15
13
6
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
94
98
99
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
94
105
100
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
92.7
117.4
100.8
95.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
98
85
111
100
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
78.8
82.7
86.3
87.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
8.3
13.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
5.4
4.6
4.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.1
0.2
0.3
-0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,457
2,472
2,896
2,929
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,381
2,996
3,566
4,095
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
17.39
12.74
57.23
69.67
GDP growth (annual %)
-1.2
5.8
7.8
2.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
110.4
185.3
11.3
15.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
23
12
9
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
46
33
35
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
46
69
51
71
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
44
72
65
65
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
25
41
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
31.6
28.7
30.3
27.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-4.8
0.1
-1.4
-0.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
43.7
40.7
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
20.5
16.6
16.3
12.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.5
108.9
127.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.9
31.8
86.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
42
125
105
116
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
101
103
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
968
2,620
28,412
41,654
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
0.6
5.5
5.9
8.6
Net migration (thousands)
-26
2
10
-34
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
0
114
575
1,150
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
7
119
1,393
1,231
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
135.2
141.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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