Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.45
4.16
3.81
3.24
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.7
-1.8
-1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
51.2
51.2
51.2
51.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
82.7
81.2
74.4
63.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
17.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
0.3
0.1
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.82
5.53
18.36
22.61
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,140
1,330
4,820
6,970
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
3.99
18.89
35.20
59.41
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
900
4,540
9,230
18,310
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.8
7.5
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
74
77
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
38
18
16
11
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
48
46
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
97
99
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
18
10
7
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
4.2
1.6
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
52
80
91
61
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
72
89
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
88.6
88.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
84
85
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
21.9
21.1
21.0
21.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
4.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1.0
1.2
0.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.2
1.5
-1.1
-0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,577
1,045
1,700
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,947
1,831
3,068
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
7.75
5.57
17.18
23.67
GDP growth (annual %)
-9.3
5.4
0.9
7.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
48.5
30.3
1.4
5.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
9
7
5
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
22
22
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
22
30
43
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
63
51
54
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
30
20
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
38.4
36.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-2.2
-1.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
68
109
80
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
61.4
55.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
19.7
19.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
3.9
1.3
0.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.2
81.6
114.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.1
42.8
75.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
13
75
82
91
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
96
99
112
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
2,791
14,357
13,826
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
14.2
10.1
13.8
Net migration (thousands)
-23
8
-67
-26
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
1,581
1,822
2,478
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
146
444
768
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
0.0
737.9
511.2
564.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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