Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.51
0.64
1.23
1.50
Population growth (annual %)
3.5
2.6
4.2
2.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
746.1
898.0
1,612.3
1,904.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.50
7.97
23.96
37.98
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
8,740
12,500
19,510
25,240
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
12.82
28.41
55.15
77.55
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
24,900
44,560
44,890
51,550
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
79
78
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.8
2.8
2.0
1.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
25
11
15
8
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
54
53
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
98
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
23
13
9
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
6.3
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
98
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
98
91
93
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.9
98.9
96.1
97.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
83
91
90
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.3
1.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4,872.5
7,218.4
5,019.3
3,877.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.1
2.6
5.9
2.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
10,576
12,833
10,318
10,666
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
15,049
20,863
18,219
21,914
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.81
9.06
26.81
40.84
GDP growth (annual %)
4.4
5.3
4.3
4.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.8
14.3
12.0
9.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
44
44
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
102
79
67
86
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
83
57
49
68
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
17
29
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.8
28.9
21.3
15.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.1
7.5
-4.6
-12.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
4.6
3.7
1.1
2.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.3
4.0
3.3
3.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.0
30.7
129.2
128.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.2
55.0
100.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
155
119
102
90
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
77
108
139
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
5
3
-19
12
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
92
364
156
1,779
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
137.5
60.4
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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