Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.52
0.71
1.21
1.46
Population growth (annual %)
3.4
2.8
2.9
-1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
749.9
1,002.0
1,592.7
1,852.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.50
7.97
23.54
36.16
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
8,690
11,200
19,390
24,710
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
12.32
27.32
52.81
74.41
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
23,820
38,390
43,510
50,850
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
79
79
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.8
2.8
2.1
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
24
13
16
9
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
54
53
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
98
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
23
13
9
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
6.3
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
98
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
98
84
94
93
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.6
93.9
96.2
92.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
82
81
90
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
1.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4,872.5
7,218.4
5,019.3
3,877.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.6
2.7
2.9
-0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
10,117
11,200
10,437
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
14,972
18,697
18,443
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.81
9.06
25.71
39.29
GDP growth (annual %)
4.4
5.3
4.3
2.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.8
14.3
7.4
10.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
1
..
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
40
..
45
45
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
102
79
70
90
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
83
57
51
70
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
17
27
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.8
28.9
22.2
16.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.1
7.5
-4.8
-12.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
9
8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
4.6
3.7
1.2
2.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.3
4.0
3.3
3.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.0
28.9
129.1
131.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.2
55.0
100.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
155
119
106
93
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
77
109
112
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
5
6
-17
-9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
92
364
156
1,779
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
137.5
60.4
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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