Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
8.72
8.17
7.40
6.51
Population growth (annual %)
-1.8
-0.5
-0.7
-0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
111.0
111.0
111.0
111.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
78.8
73.9
68.1
59.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
22.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
4.7
2.7
1.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
19.58
13.57
51.82
76.25
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,250
1,660
7,010
11,720
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
60.55
51.19
108.29
193.42
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,940
6,270
14,640
29,720
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
10.5
7.1
6.3
6.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
72
74
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
70
47
43
36
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
63
70
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
18
18
11
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
3.7
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
99
89
97
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
96
100
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
104.7
101.4
95.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
80
94
99
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
33.3
33.8
37.4
39.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
35.0
33.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
36.3
29.2
28.4
24.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
-2.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,217
2,277
2,394
2,919
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,759
3,674
4,560
5,561
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
20.63
13.25
50.69
84.37
GDP growth (annual %)
-9.1
4.6
1.6
7.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
26.2
7.4
0.8
7.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
18
11
4
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
51
23
24
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
36
50
62
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
37
42
53
59
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
26
19
23
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
47.1
36.2
29.8
33.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-5.0
0.2
-3.7
-4.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
23.8
20.5
17.9
20.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.8
2.7
1.6
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
9.2
137.1
114.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
5.4
46.2
75.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
11
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
49
86
91
104
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
87
96
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
10,890
12,009
50,697
44,947
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
19.4
17.5
16.1
10.8
Net migration (thousands)
-117
-26
-22
12
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
58
1,333
2,010
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
4
1,002
1,843
2,335
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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