Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
111.63
134.54
152.20
167.66
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
1.8
0.9
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
148.5
148.5
148.5
147.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
857.6
1,033.6
1,169.3
1,288.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
18.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
51.2
41.4
25.1
8.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
32.62
55.71
118.31
435.56
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
290
410
780
2,600
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
106.55
208.93
460.46
1,313.23
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
950
1,550
3,030
7,830
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.6
8.6
8.9
8.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
56
62
68
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
3.3
2.4
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
178
153
115
76
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
40
54
61
64
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
12
27
59
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
146
85
49
31
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
61.5
42.4
36.7
21.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
65
74
88
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
45
..
65
120
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
78.3
..
99.7
115.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
20
49
51
70
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
19.2
19.2
18.9
18.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.5
4.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
34.2
34.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
3.5
3.4
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
114
136
196
292
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
46
99
240
574
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
31.60
53.37
115.28
416.27
GDP growth (annual %)
5.6
5.3
5.6
6.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.5
3.4
7.1
4.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
30
23
17
12
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
20
22
25
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
6
12
16
11
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
17
22
17
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
16
24
26
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
8.6
9.7
9.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.6
-0.8
-2.8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
6.6
7.8
7.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
44.6
110.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
3.7
38.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
17
29
41
30
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
170
145
81
84
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
12,292
15,601
26,572
91,478
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
34.2
10.6
5.1
11.4
Net migration (thousands)
-404
-512
-1,114
-995
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
779
1,968
10,850
22,206
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
3
280
1,232
1,724
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,788.9
976.3
1,327.3
5,089.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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