Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.13
11.88
16.12
22.10
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
274.2
274.2
274.2
274.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
33.4
43.4
58.9
80.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
43.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
79.9
52.6
25.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.92
3.14
10.11
18.34
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
320
260
630
830
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
5.18
10.68
22.75
51.97
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
570
900
1,410
2,350
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
5.2
6.7
7.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
49
51
56
59
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.0
6.5
5.9
4.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
144
136
130
111
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
25
12
16
35
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
41
31
66
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
198
178
121
81
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
28.7
30.9
26.2
17.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
79
48
92
88
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
19
24
46
64
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
31.6
43.1
76.9
87.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
7
10
21
38
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
2.3
1.9
1.1
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
77.2
72.2
67.2
61.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
16.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.8
5.2
6.5
6.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.5
6.9
5.2
4.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.10
2.97
10.11
19.64
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.6
1.9
8.4
6.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
1.8
-0.8
3.8
-0.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
28
25
24
17
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
20
22
26
29
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
9
21
33
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
26
29
30
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
19
15
22
16
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
10.4
13.6
18.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-4.1
-4.0
-6.3
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
40
14
13
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
9.7
11.3
16.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.7
1.2
1.2
2.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
35.4
111.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.4
18.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
17
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
22
28
36
49
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
100
84
99
121
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
834
1,446
4,800
10,296
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
9.4
19.0
22.3
7.6
Net migration (thousands)
-33
4
-42
-13
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
140
67
120
571
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
23
39
-80
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
326.5
179.8
1,044.6
1,610.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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