Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.97
10.25
10.90
11.59
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.2
0.9
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
33.1
30.5
30.5
30.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
..
338.0
359.2
379.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
13.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
192.49
265.41
513.33
592.57
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
19,310
25,890
47,110
51,140
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
186.86
292.27
440.69
711.95
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
18,750
28,510
40,450
61,450
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.5
8.4
8.6
9.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
76
78
80
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
12
12
10
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
78
..
74
67
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
99
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
10
6
5
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
0.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
82
95
96
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
103.4
102.2
101.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
156
161
143
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
6.7
6.9
6.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
24.3
17.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
70.9
62.8
49.6
35.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.8
0.6
1.2
0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,804
5,663
5,510
4,824
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
6,380
8,248
8,353
7,681
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
205.33
236.79
481.56
598.52
GDP growth (annual %)
3.1
3.7
2.7
6.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.8
2.0
1.7
2.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
25
21
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
62
73
76
90
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
60
70
74
88
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
24
22
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
42.4
40.3
37.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.1
-3.3
-3.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
27.3
24.5
23.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.4
1.4
1.1
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.4
54.9
111.1
101.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
29.4
77.6
92.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
9
21
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
155
166
180
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
104
100
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
8
14
105
24
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
3,583
4,005
10,994
14,286
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
8,047
88,739
125,492
33,981
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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