Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.48
6.31
9.13
12.55
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
2.0
4.7
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
213.5
245.6
355.4
488.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
64.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
75.1
79.4
65.1
62.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.19
0.86
1.90
2.82
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
220
140
210
220
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
3.31
3.41
5.72
10.88
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
600
540
630
870
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.9
5.3
6.9
7.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
45
48
57
62
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.4
6.9
6.3
5.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
74
81
76
54
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
9
16
22
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
19
25
60
77
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
170
154
91
52
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
32.0
39.1
29.1
27.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
74
72
92
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
39
25
55
49
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
64.2
60.7
139.5
105.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
5
10
24
46
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
4.6
3.3
1.6
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
2.8
1.9
1.9
2.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
7.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.4
2.9
2.8
2.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.7
4.6
7.2
5.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.13
0.87
2.03
2.78
GDP growth (annual %)
3.5
-0.9
5.1
3.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.0
38.9
8.6
8.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
51
44
38
29
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
17
16
15
11
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
8
6
10
5
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
16
30
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
15
3
17
13
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
16.8
14.0
14.8
17.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.7
-5.5
-2.8
-0.7
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
13
13
5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
15.1
13.2
13.9
15.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.4
4.9
2.5
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.3
18.4
61.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
1.0
10.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
27
23
30
43
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
84
66
104
117
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
907
1,126
621
976
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
43.4
40.9
2.4
11.0
Net migration (thousands)
-40
-40
12
-14
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
34
168
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1
12
1
22
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
262.5
93.3
627.6
608.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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