Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.18
8.05
9.05
10.14
Population growth (annual %)
1.4
0.8
1.2
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
86.6
86.6
86.6
86.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
88.7
97.4
109.5
122.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
49.6
9.1
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
6.2
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.15
5.11
49.00
49.74
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
160
630
5,410
4,910
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
37.72
26.73
124.97
199.65
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,260
3,320
13,800
19,690
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.4
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
62
65
70
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.7
2.0
1.9
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
31
30
48
35
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
55
55
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
97
81
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
95
75
38
19
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
14.0
6.5
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
52
67
89
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
90
90
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
97.2
93.8
97.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
83
91
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
9.5
9.9
10.3
11.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
5.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
199.7
135.4
135.2
159.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.8
1.2
1.6
1.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,158
1,403
1,280
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,570
2,040
1,603
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
8.88
5.27
52.91
54.83
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.7
11.1
5.0
5.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
83.5
12.5
13.5
21.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
16
6
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
43
60
49
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
44
40
54
46
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
39
38
21
30
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
21
18
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
17.6
46.8
36.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-4.7
15.4
4.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
105
8
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
16.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
12.7
12.2
13.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.4
2.3
2.8
5.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
5.1
98.5
104.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
46.0
86.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
578
55
63
62
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
84
134
157
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
36
1,585
7,286
15,648
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
6.4
1.4
7.9
Net migration (thousands)
-63
16
1
1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
57
1,410
1,527
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
130
3,353
-1,708
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
0.3
140.6
156.5
9.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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