Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.68
8.01
8.36
8.96
Population growth (annual %)
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
83.9
83.9
83.9
83.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
93.0
97.1
101.4
108.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
13.2
14.5
14.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
0.0
0.5
0.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
158.41
214.84
416.25
476.61
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
20,630
26,820
49,770
53,220
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
150.08
233.33
354.22
570.80
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
19,550
29,120
42,350
63,740
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.8
8.0
7.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
76
78
81
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
23
14
10
4
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
70
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
98
99
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
10
6
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
60
75
80
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
101
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
98.7
101.9
100.8
101.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
103
99
100
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
37.8
38.4
38.6
38.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
29.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
6.9
6.6
6.3
5.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.3
-0.2
-0.3
0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,240
3,570
4,051
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
6,111
7,076
8,383
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
165.81
196.18
389.83
480.47
GDP growth (annual %)
4.3
3.2
1.8
4.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.0
1.4
0.9
1.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
2
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
29
26
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
44
52
56
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
42
48
55
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
26
23
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
33.2
44.0
43.8
44.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.3
-2.3
-3.1
-5.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
25
25
21
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.1
26.4
25.4
25.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.0
76.4
146.4
122.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
33.7
75.2
92.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
14
11
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
55
71
80
88
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
114
104
96
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
60
18
23
52
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
635
1,805
2,983
3,192
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,701
5,509
-22,007
18,998
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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