Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
17.07
19.03
22.03
25.69
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
1.1
1.6
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
7,741.2
7,741.2
7,741.2
7,741.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
2.2
2.5
2.9
3.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
295.98
405.36
1,030.03
1,468.72
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
17,340
21,300
46,750
57,180
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
286.29
490.51
833.75
1,476.74
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
16,780
25,780
37,840
57,490
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.4
7.5
7.3
7.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
82
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
22
18
17
7
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
62
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
99
99
96
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
6
5
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
0.5
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
86
91
94
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
106.5
101.6
105.5
99.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
135
153
..
136
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,338.8
1,318.1
1,295.5
1,340.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
32.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.8
4.4
2.7
2.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.4
1.0
1.7
0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
5,062
5,681
5,793
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
8,527
10,260
10,727
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
311.43
416.17
1,148.84
1,556.74
GDP growth (annual %)
3.6
3.9
2.2
2.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.1
2.6
1.2
3.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
25
25
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
19
20
22
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
22
21
18
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
29
26
27
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
24.4
25.9
23.3
25.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1.7
2.0
-4.0
-6.9
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
3
3
2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
22.4
23.0
20.5
23.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.1
1.8
1.9
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.1
45.0
102.2
104.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.6
46.8
76.0
97.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
17
22
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
26
33
36
39
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
67
121
164
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
100
111
167
117
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,370
518
1,864
936
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
8,458
14,893
35,555
31,519
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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