Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.55
3.22
3.04
2.96
Population growth (annual %)
3.1
1.7
-0.7
0.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
29.7
29.7
29.7
29.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
125.5
113.1
106.9
104.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
26.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
14.0
1.0
0.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.06
2.03
9.99
13.56
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
300
630
3,280
4,580
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
9.44
8.40
22.67
45.81
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,660
2,610
7,450
15,460
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.7
9.1
9.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
71
73
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
74
37
32
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
56
61
55
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
97
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
49
31
19
11
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
2.6
5.3
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
92
97
94
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
84
92
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
105.0
88.3
96.7
93.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
92
90
101
97
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
24.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
46.6
27.3
31.0
43.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.7
1.3
-0.9
0.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,170
625
816
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,712
1,237
1,631
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.26
1.91
9.26
13.88
GDP growth (annual %)
-11.7
5.9
2.2
5.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
79.4
-1.4
7.8
6.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
18
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
28
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
35
22
20
36
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
46
50
45
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
47
22
39
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
22.6
23.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-5.0
-4.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
18
14
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
27.8
74.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
17.1
22.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.2
3.6
4.3
4.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.6
131.2
129.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.3
25.0
78.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
23
62
52
60
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
83
109
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
134
1,018
6,307
14,040
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
1.2
8.7
29.7
34.7
Net migration (thousands)
2
-53
-30
-19
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
182
1,669
1,557
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1
104
529
366
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
2.7
215.9
320.3
161.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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