Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
32.76
37.21
41.29
45.31
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
1.1
1.1
0.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,780.4
2,780.4
2,780.4
2,780.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
12.0
13.6
15.1
16.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
37.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
1.3
7.3
1.5
1.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
104.08
275.54
378.24
456.26
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
3,180
7,400
9,160
10,070
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
224.19
416.59
711.79
1,167.82
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,840
11,190
17,240
25,770
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.8
3.2
4.5
5.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
74
76
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.0
2.6
2.4
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
70
66
66
29
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
72
70
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
97
99
95
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
29
19
14
10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
2.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
91
95
86
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
103
103
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
107.3
116.6
118.1
108.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
73
96
99
116
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
352.0
333.8
302.1
284.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
5.0
9.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
9.7
10.4
12.7
12.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.9
1.3
1.2
0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,351
1,643
1,826
1,742
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,306
2,092
2,778
2,943
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
141.35
284.20
423.63
486.56
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.5
-0.8
10.1
10.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2,078.3
1.0
20.9
53.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
5
7
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
36
26
25
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
10
11
19
18
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
5
12
16
15
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
18
18
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
10.4
14.2
21.2
18.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.1
-2.8
..
-4.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
32.4
34.5
25.3
40.7
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
4.8
9.6
12.9
11.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
17.4
138.3
130.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
7.0
45.0
87.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
4
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
12
18
30
29
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
43
68
99
114
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
62,478
150,063
126,642
246,114
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
37.1
64.3
18.6
30.6
Net migration (thousands)
16
-23
-5
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
23
86
644
903
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,836
10,418
11,333
6,658
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
171.6
74.6
123.3
156.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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