Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.90
3.49
6.87
9.58
Population growth (annual %)
5.9
6.7
2.4
1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
98.6
98.6
98.6
98.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
26.7
49.2
96.7
134.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.0
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
55.50
98.42
291.12
413.97
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
29,240
28,170
42,380
43,230
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
178.91
340.39
584.60
655.52
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
94,250
97,430
85,100
68,460
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
6.2
8.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
76
82
79
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
2.7
1.6
1.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
51
25
11
3
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
15
11
9
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
80
94
94
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
113
..
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
122.9
..
106.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
15.9
15.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1,028.2
1,555.9
1,781.5
1,533.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.7
7.2
2.6
2.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
10,741
8,957
8,944
8,674
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
8,188
10,725
12,827
14,829
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
50.70
104.34
307.74
422.44
GDP growth (annual %)
18.3
10.9
1.6
4.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.3
11.5
19.5
13.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
1
2
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
59
49
50
45
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
49
77
101
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
41
58
82
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
23
29
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
6.5
3.2
4.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
0.1
0.1
0.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
99.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
1.1
0.3
0.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
8.3
6.0
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.8
40.9
157.5
186.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
23.6
68.0
100.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
69
81
130
183
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
66
114
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
67
178
162
422
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
1,879
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-116
-506
8,797
20,667
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
3.5
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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