Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.29
3.09
2.91
2.81
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
-0.6
-0.5
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
119.9
112.7
106.3
102.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
25.4
..
22.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
1.1
0.6
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.14
3.41
12.71
17.28
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
650
1,100
4,360
6,150
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
8.37
12.29
27.76
45.34
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,550
3,980
9,530
16,130
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.4
8.9
8.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
78
76
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.9
2.2
1.7
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
16
15
20
13
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
58
69
46
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
93
99
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
41
27
13
10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
6.3
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88
95
99
87
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
109
102
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.4
109.4
99.9
97.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
90
69
94
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
14.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4.5
6.8
4.4
3.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
0.7
1.6
0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
813
580
729
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
552
1,450
1,943
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.03
3.48
11.93
18.03
GDP growth (annual %)
-9.6
6.9
3.7
9.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.4
5.6
4.5
3.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
25
18
18
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
19
25
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
20
28
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
43
49
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
31
30
29
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
24.0
23.9
25.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-6.8
-3.9
-0.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
41
6
5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
67.5
63.6
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
16.5
18.0
18.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.9
1.2
1.6
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.9
92.4
92.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
45.0
79.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
39
50
63
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
108
102
104
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
511
1,122
5,437
11,055
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.3
4.5
10.3
14.6
Net migration (thousands)
-60
-61
-52
-33
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
152
598
1,587
1,718
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
143
1,090
1,219
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
11.1
317.9
365.1
633.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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