Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.29
3.09
2.91
2.49
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
-0.6
-0.5
-1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
119.9
112.7
106.3
90.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
25.4
14.3
20.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
4.2
1.8
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.14
3.49
12.90
17.28
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
650
1,130
4,430
6,940
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
8.72
12.65
28.14
44.72
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,650
4,090
9,660
17,960
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.4
8.9
8.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
78
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.0
2.2
1.7
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
16
15
20
13
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
58
69
46
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
93
99
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
41
27
13
10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
6.3
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88
95
99
87
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
97
102
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.6
108.4
99.9
97.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
91
70
94
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.7
14.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4.5
6.8
4.4
3.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.7
1.1
2.0
-0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
813
581
731
915
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
552
1,450
1,943
2,834
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.03
3.58
12.09
18.03
GDP growth (annual %)
-9.6
7.5
3.0
9.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.4
5.9
4.1
3.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
22
16
18
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
22
27
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
20
28
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
42
48
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
34
32
29
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
23.1
23.7
25.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-6.6
-3.9
-0.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
66.6
63.6
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
15.9
17.9
18.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.9
1.2
1.6
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.9
91.9
92.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
45.0
79.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
38
49
63
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
108
104
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
511
1,122
5,438
11,055
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.3
4.5
10.3
14.6
Net migration (thousands)
-60
-61
-52
-33
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
152
598
1,587
1,718
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
143
1,090
1,219
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
11.1
317.9
320.1
634.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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