Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
12.05
20.13
28.28
40.00
Population growth (annual %)
1.4
1.2
2.9
2.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
652.9
652.9
652.9
652.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
18.5
30.9
43.4
61.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
38.3
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
3.86
14.86
15.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
180
530
380
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
15.86
50.03
86.29
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
790
1,770
2,160
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
45
55
61
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.6
7.6
6.2
5.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
139
154
106
67
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
5
22
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
12
34
62
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
181
132
88
59
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
44.9
24.6
18.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
20
27
62
51
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
34
..
..
86
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
34.6
22.2
102.9
110.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
12
14
50
57
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
0
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.4
3.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
52.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.9
1.6
3.8
3.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
3.52
15.86
14.26
GDP growth (annual %)
..
-9.4
14.4
-20.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
..
-11.8
3.8
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
39
26
34
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
24
21
14
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
14
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
37
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
13
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
11.1
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
1.5
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
9.2
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
1.9
1.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
36.2
56.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
4.0
16.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
37
35
43
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
61
94
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
2,436
3,556
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
0.4
2.7
Net migration (thousands)
-459
-1,026
-167
-549
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
378
320
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
0
191
21
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
122.7
136.0
6,235.3
4,690.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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