Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
116.16
154.88
199.24
239.48
Population growth (annual %)
3.3
2.8
2.5
1.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
796.1
796.1
796.1
796.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
150.7
200.9
258.5
310.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
64.3
36.8
21.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
65.1
33.3
9.4
4.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
42.55
72.91
198.26
340.95
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
370
470
1,000
1,420
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
216.84
389.23
741.68
1,269.12
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,870
2,510
3,720
5,300
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.1
9.8
9.9
9.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
60
62
64
66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.4
5.3
4.3
3.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
104
77
56
43
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
12
28
29
34
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
17
23
43
68
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
140
108
87
63
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
38.4
31.2
31.4
23.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
50
57
57
81
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
55
68
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
52.8
63.5
74.5
84.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
21
20
30
42
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
0
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
49.9
45.1
40.9
36.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
9.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
282.7
313.7
336.9
480.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.2
3.4
3.1
2.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
369
414
427
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
257
333
398
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
40.01
99.48
196.71
348.52
GDP growth (annual %)
4.5
4.3
1.5
6.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.5
68.0
10.6
10.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
23
25
23
23
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
22
17
21
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
10
13
9
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
12
19
18
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
19
16
16
15
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
19.6
11.1
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-3.0
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
20
17
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.7
7.5
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
6.5
4.2
3.4
2.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
51.0
81.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.3
8.0
25.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
20
30
29
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
218
201
106
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
20,663
33,110
63,483
130,851
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
27.2
28.4
15.1
33.9
Net migration (thousands)
275
253
-432
-566
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,006
1,075
9,690
31,312
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
245
308
2,022
2,147
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
908.6
549.6
2,933.2
2,922.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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