Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
19.62
24.56
27.16
30.03
Population growth (annual %)
2.4
1.7
0.5
2.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
147.2
147.2
147.2
147.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
137.2
171.3
189.5
209.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
20.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
40.3
8.2
0.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.92
5.41
14.61
36.94
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
200
220
540
1,230
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
16.25
32.43
58.94
134.72
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
830
1,320
2,170
4,490
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.5
8.3
8.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
55
63
67
68
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.2
3.9
2.5
2.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
130
118
78
64
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
24
37
50
47
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
7
12
36
77
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
138
79
48
29
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
42.8
28.9
18.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
57
71
86
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
51
64
106
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
108.6
114.6
146.5
118.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
32
34
56
84
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
56.7
57.8
59.6
59.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
23.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
4.8
4.8
4.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.0
5.8
2.5
4.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
295
330
376
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
34
57
102
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.63
5.49
16.00
36.92
GDP growth (annual %)
4.6
6.2
4.8
4.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.7
4.5
15.1
6.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
49
38
33
22
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
15
21
14
12
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
23
10
5
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
22
32
36
38
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
18
24
38
35
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
8.4
10.6
14.9
19.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-1.4
-4.0
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
31
31
23
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
7.0
8.7
13.4
17.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
33.9
127.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
7.9
41.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
24
43
37
48
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
119
86
107
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
1,627
2,874
3,787
8,821
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
15.0
7.6
10.6
9.9
Net migration (thousands)
-1
-147
-294
297
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
55
111
3,464
8,226
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
0
88
196
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
357.2
311.2
767.3
1,598.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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