Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
12.06
16.52
22.18
29.69
Population growth (annual %)
3.0
3.2
2.9
2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
587.0
587.0
587.0
587.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
20.7
28.4
38.1
51.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
70.0
70.8
71.7
75.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
83.1
57.5
65.3
69.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.57
4.58
9.94
14.07
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
300
280
450
470
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
13.48
20.23
31.89
45.99
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,120
1,220
1,440
1,550
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.5
4.9
6.1
7.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
52
58
63
63
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.1
5.7
4.9
4.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
133
148
143
133
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
17
19
40
50
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
57
47
44
46
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
156
105
71
66
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
35.2
35.6
28.4
22.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
47
57
66
43
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
33
35
65
61
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
87.3
95.8
135.7
140.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
17
..
34
34
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
136.9
130.3
125.6
124.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
1.9
3.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.3
4.2
4.9
4.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
225
256
255
309
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
39
46
51
80
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.93
4.63
9.98
14.35
GDP growth (annual %)
3.1
4.5
0.6
4.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
11.9
11.6
10.2
6.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
31
29
23
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
18
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
19
22
23
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
24
36
32
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
36
12
27
16
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
7.9
9.2
10.6
11.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-3.2
-0.6
-4.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
7.4
8.6
8.5
10.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.4
34.8
53.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
1.7
13.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
25
41
37
50
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
95
118
85
84
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,701
4,726
2,756
5,345
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
45.9
13.9
2.8
4.9
Net migration (thousands)
-2
-4
-2
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
8
11
456
440
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
22
83
912
358
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
397.0
324.5
384.3
1,069.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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