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| Population, total | 521,314,712.0 | 681,125,107.0 | 1,025,251,114.0 | 1,052,824,144.0 | 1,080,941,647.0 | 1,109,997,000.0 | 1,139,315,618.0 | 1,169,015,451.0 | 1,199,011,925.0 | 1,229,208,573.0 | 1,259,889,959.0 | 1,291,044,964.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 24,273,011.0 | 24,273,011.0 | 24,328,325.6 | 24,328,312.9 | 24,328,307.2 | 24,328,313.4 | 24,328,290.2 | 24,328,249.0 | 24,328,249.0 | 24,328,252.0 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 25.9 | 32.1 | 42.9 | 44.1 | 45.2 | 46.5 | 47.7 | 48.9 | 50.2 | 51.5 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | 61.5 | 62.5 | 45.5 | 45.3 | 45.0 | 44.6 | 44.4 | 46.4 | 46.6 | 46.4 | 46.5 | 46.0 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 388,984,455,456.9 | 448,338,808,112.9 | 1,773,230,785,188.8 | 1,634,804,458,898.8 | 1,575,871,209,670.8 | 1,674,364,842,139.3 | 1,841,982,608,863.7 | 1,854,995,463,212.3 | 2,064,249,084,242.1 | 2,219,552,083,825.6 | 2,227,038,730,131.2 | 2,062,284,133,937.0 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 746.2 | 658.2 | 1,729.6 | 1,552.8 | 1,457.9 | 1,508.4 | 1,616.7 | 1,586.8 | 1,721.6 | 1,805.7 | 1,767.6 | 1,597.4 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | .. | 1,566,957,552,628.7 | 4,151,915,799,075.9 | 4,304,055,240,229.7 | 4,550,458,931,345.4 | 4,661,799,072,559.7 | 4,980,762,357,480.1 | 5,052,152,076,694.9 | 5,505,108,252,807.7 | 6,127,239,546,062.0 | 6,520,492,031,752.9 | 6,920,064,884,453.1 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | .. | 2,300.5 | 4,049.7 | 4,088.1 | 4,209.7 | 4,199.8 | 4,371.7 | 4,321.7 | 4,591.4 | 4,984.7 | 5,175.4 | 5,360.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 50.0 | 51.6 | 59.4 | 59.8 | 60.2 | 60.8 | 61.1 | 61.2 | 60.7 | 61.9 | 62.6 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.3 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 137.6 | 128.4 | 109.4 | 105.9 | 103.0 | 100.8 | 98.9 | 96.8 | 95.7 | 94.4 | 93.4 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 15.1 | 22.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 32.1 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 41.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 64.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 179.4 | 150.2 | 88.1 | 85.9 | 84.2 | 79.8 | 77.7 | 74.7 | 72.7 | 72.8 | 68.1 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 24.9 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 18.1 | 17.7 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 15.7 | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 56.6 | 49.9 | 67.9 | 68.3 | 69.8 | 70.3 | 71.1 | 69.8 | 68.1 | 67.6 | 68.3 | 69.1 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 53.1 | 52.8 | 66.3 | 66.7 | 67.1 | 67.9 | 68.3 | 69.1 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 68.8 | 68.9 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 71.1 | 79.5 | 94.6 | 94.9 | 95.4 | 96.2 | 97.1 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 96.0 | 96.8 | 97.1 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 22.6 | 25.4 | 42.9 | 42.5 | 42.9 | 43.2 | 44.0 | 44.7 | 45.3 | 45.4 | 45.7 | 45.9 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 2.7 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 6,828,285.8 | 6,722,525.4 | 6,470,986.5 | 6,430,836.9 | 6,391,509.3 | 6,352,213.4 | 6,311,896.3 | 6,271,975.7 | 6,231,790.8 | 6,191,782.1 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 11.6 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 13.8 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 537.4 | 498.7 | 502.1 | 503.9 | 493.6 | 483.3 | 491.4 | 477.0 | 490.2 | 480.2 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 454.8 | 453.3 | 433.2 | 430.0 | 414.5 | 417.1 | 407.5 | 388.0 | 392.1 | 385.7 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 379,792,150,457.8 | 428,788,505,804.8 | 1,688,024,093,175.5 | 1,531,896,244,777.7 | 1,672,127,811,803.7 | 1,798,796,101,321.5 | 2,045,711,007,848.1 | 1,902,392,262,699.1 | 2,140,795,804,040.0 | 2,292,617,010,267.0 | 2,117,597,425,394.7 | 1,979,078,503,991.4 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 2.3 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | -3.2 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 3.6 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 10.6 | 8.5 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 19.4 | 15.4 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 20.2 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 19.2 | 18.0 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 30.9 | 29.2 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 25.0 | 26.4 | 24.7 | 23.1 | 24.0 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 25.3 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 23.0 | 27.7 | 21.4 | 21.9 | 23.5 | 24.5 | 20.8 | 19.4 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 25.0 | 28.3 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 21.0 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 21.9 | 20.3 | 22.3 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 28.8 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 22.9 | 22.9 | 24.5 | 24.2 | 24.5 | 24.2 | 21.2 | 19.9 | 20.6 | 21.6 | 22.2 | 24.1 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 1.7 | 73.3 | 71.5 | 70.8 | 74.4 | 77.4 | 80.8 | 83.0 | 87.6 | 90.0 | 89.2 | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 5.0 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 33.6 | 41.6 | 40.3 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 35.3 | 32.3 | 37.3 | 40.4 | 42.2 | 45.7 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Net migration | -434,257.0 | -659,224.0 | -96,126.0 | -748,976.0 | 267,989.0 | 149,019.0 | -170,106.0 | 300,153.0 | 37,923.0 | -302,237.0 | -662,302.0 | -680,868.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 2,362,992,086.6 | 4,801,332,850.7 | 42,185,929,314.9 | 38,594,065,471.7 | 43,712,608,526.5 | 49,322,415,887.9 | 49,079,802,764.3 | 42,827,007,475.8 | 47,710,748,108.2 | 53,470,345,635.8 | 56,044,866,698.9 | 57,642,633,166.7 | |
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